Istanbul, which was besieged by the Ottoman Empire, was conquered as a result of the attack of the Turkish army. Thus, the 1000-year-old Byzantine Empire came to an end, and Fatih Sultan Mehmet went down in history as a great sultan who conquered Istanbul at the age of 21. In 2019, the 566th anniversary of the conquest of Istanbul is celebrated. So, when and how was Istanbul conquered? Here is the history of the Conquest of Istanbul:
Before the conquest of Istanbul by Fatih Sultan Mehmet, many states repeatedly besieged Istanbul and did not capture it. Fatih Sultan Mehmet, who set out with the dream of conquering Istanbul at the age of 21, opened a network and closed the network. Thus, the Byzantine Empire was erased from the stage of history, Fatih Sultan Mehmet, Hz. He received the praise of Muhammad. So, how and when was Istanbul conquered? Here's the history of the Conquest of Istanbul...
HOW WAS ISTANBUL CONQUESTED?
Departing from Edirne with his army on March 23, 1453, Fatih Sultan Mehmet personally prepared the plan of the cannons that will destroy the walls of Istanbul, and it was much larger than the cannons made up to that time. he dropped heavy balls.
Istanbul had been besieged many times before. The Ottomans had also besieged the city before, they ensured Matheos Kantakuzinos's ascension to the Byzantine throne and they gained land in Rumeli for the first time by taking the Ccedil Impe Castle as a reward. The Ottomans, whose borders expanded in the region with the transition to Rumelia, besieged Istanbul for the first time in 1395 under the command of Bayezid I. In some sources, a different siege dated 1391 is mentioned. Catapults were used in the siege of Bayezid I, the Hungarian Kingdom attacked the territory of Bulgaria today and the siege of Istanbul was ended. The next year, the siege started again, and this time Anadolu Hisarı was built to break off the sea connection completely. The siege was lifted upon the Byzantine emperor's request for a ceasefire.
With the Battle of Ankara, the Ottoman Empire entered the Interregnum. In this period, Istanbul was besieged again in 1412 by Musa Ccedil, one of Bayezid's sons. Musa Elebi believed that the turmoil was caused by Byzantium and that some rival princes were supported by Byzantium. However, this siege was lifted due to the action of Mehmed I, one of the rival princes. Fourth siege II. It happened during the Murad period; II. Murad sent his hand and demanded that Düzmece Mustafa not be supported, but could not find a response. Dealing with the rebellion II. Murat marched on the Byzantine Empire, which he believed was helping Prince Mustafa; and the siege began. Byzantine Emperor VII. Some lands and tributes of Ioannis on the Black Sea coast This siege was lifted when he offered to give II. When Mehmed came to the throne, he was faced with a completely surrounded city.rnrn
Mehmed started the siege preparations at the end of 1451. He ordered the construction of Rumeli Fortress, which was called Boğazkesen at that time, across the Anatolian Fortress, which was built by his great-grandfather Bayezid, on the Anatolian side of the Bosphorus. The Emperor Konstantin sent messengers to Mehmed to inform him that he needed to get permission from him for the construction of the fortress, but Mehmed did not accept the envoys. The last time the Emperor sent his ambassadors for peace talks in June of 1452, however, Mehmed again refused the ambassadors.
That means war. Hisar was completed in August of 1452. Thus, throat control; It passed into the hands of the Ottomans. Ships to pass through the Bosphorus had to pay for the passage from now on. Otherwise, the ships would be sunk by artillery. At the end of 1452, a Venetian ship that refused to make a statement was sunk, and its captain and crew were arrested. The balls in question are a ball caster named Erdelli Urban. was made by Mehmed asked him if he could build a cannon strong enough to break down the walls of Constantinople, and Urban said, "Neither Constantinople nor Babylon could make a cannon that the walls could resist." he had said.
On the other hand, in the face of these developments, Emperor Constantine desperately requested help from the Pope and Italian cities, but these were fruitless. Only in November of 1452 Genoa decided to send aid and under the command of Giovanni Giustiniani 700 soldiers were stoned.
